which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology

C. telepathy. If a test does not measure what it's supposed to measure, then it lacks: d. mechanical solution. When a schema is activated, the brain makes immediate assumptions about the person or object being observed. The self-reference effect is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance (Rogers, Kuiper, & Kirker, 1977). refers to the retention of information or experience over time? While you could use an algorithm to map out every possible route and determine which one would be the fastest, that would be a very time-consuming process. C. availability heuristic. B. practical Lets quickly test your autobiographical memory. C. Working backward in establishing subgoals should be typically avoided. a. symbols on a keyboard and sign language. C. do not guarantee an answer. A(n) _____ is an aroused state that occurs because of a physiological need. d. communicate with one another; represent their own mental activity, Communicate with one another; represent their own mental activity. d. an image of the instructor. B. representativeness heuristic. So you have worked hard to encode (via effortful processing) and store some important information for your upcoming final exam. 30 seconds. b. Whorf consent of Rice University. Here is another example. A triangle always has three angles and three sides. You might perform this script two or three times each day. b. insight The different files stored in the file cabinet are called concepts. According to Baddeley and Hitch, a central executive part of memory supervises or controls the flow of information to and from the three short-term systems, and the central executive is responsible for moving information into long-term memory. The prefrontal cortex continues to mature into early adulthood. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? b. naturalist intelligence. Marjorie took a personality test in April. Margaret will have difficulty with emotional memories. C. algorithm The cognitive universalism theory states that: Kanzi, the chimpanzee, communicates with researchers by using: By following an algorithm, you can ensure that you will arrive at the correct answer to each problem. We recommend using a b. not important in measuring intelligence. A. the availability heuristic If an outcome measure is normally distributed, this means that Exceptionally complex, cognition is an essential feature of human consciousness, yet not all aspects of cognition are consciously experienced. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . Multiple choice exams involve testing a student's _____ abilities, whereas essay exams involve testing _____ abilities. If a child's mental age is higher than her chronological age, this means that The acoustic processing questions asked the participants about the sound or rhyming of the words, and the semantic processing questions asked the participants about the meaning of the words. Round the results to three decimal places. The options that are true about algorithms include: Produce a result Have clear instructions Stop in a finite amount of time Operations that can be done by a computer Have an order. We encode the sounds the words make. A. d. apple, ________ is the ability to adapt and deal with new problems or challenges the first time you encounter them. A. OLE CA Computer Science & Applications 12965. While each situation is unique, you may want to use an algorithm when being accurate is the primary concern. 20. An event schema, also known as a cognitive script, is a set of behaviors that can feel like a routine. a. the same ability. The highest and most elusive of Maslow's needs is. Long term memory has a storage capacity that is virtually unlimited. choose the best data from the set. determine the nearest neighbors of each of the data. The third form of retrieval is relearning, and its just what it sounds like. When other information is integrated into other memories and can't be distinguished from the original memory. A. creativity. For a circuit, the GaAs MESFET threshold voltage is VTN=0.15VV_{T N}=0.15 \mathrm{~V}VTN=0.15V. Let RD=50kR_D=50 \mathrm{k} \OmegaRD=50k. We get information into our brains through a process called encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. And most of it has no impact on our lives. One barrier to innovative problem solving is persisting in using techniques that have been successful in the past, also known as: Multiple Choice Q18 Which of the following is an advantage of the use of heuristics? b. convergent thinking. It was first demonstrated by William Bousfield (1935) in an experiment in which he asked people to memorize words. An algorithm is a step-by-step method to solve a problem. Whitney took Spanish in high school, but after high school she did not have the opportunity to speak Spanish. c. a picture-like image. a. the less likely that person will succeed in an academic setting. If Derrick answered correctly, he was able to identify _____ morpheme(s). In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories, natural and artificial. cannot make NEW memories, information does not pass from ST memory to be stores in LT Memory, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson. Yet, you dont notice most of your brains activity as you move throughout your daily routine. Moreover, you probably are good at staying balanced, but cannot tell someone the exact way you do it. Verywell Mind content is rigorously reviewed by a team of qualified and experienced fact checkers. The senses serve as the interface between the mind and the external environment, receiving stimuli and translating it into nervous impulses that are transmitted to the brain. Encoding involves the input of information into the memory system. c. theory of "private speech." Various properties of geometric shapes, like squares and triangles, serve as useful examples of artificial concepts. Language allows people to ______ and _______. Craik and Lockhart (1972) proposed the levels of processing hypothesis that states the deeper you think about something, the better you remember it. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Indicate whether each of the following items would be recorded in the Debit column or Credit column of the spreadsheets statement of cash flows section. They are also known as mechanical solutions. d. trial and error. IQ is assumed to be normally distributed with a mean IQ of 100 and a typical standard deviation of about: Returning to the computer metaphor, implicit memories are like a program running in the background, and you are not aware of their influence. In the context of human development, _____ refers to the individual's environmental and social experiences. d. similar to, Which of the following images is the best example of a prototype for a fruit? C. dogmatic thinking b. divergent thinking. Chances are good that it was "plate.". Memory is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time (Figure 8.2). b. language; social relationships Post author: Post published: 22/06/2022 Post category: luxury picnic houston Post comments: jacob lowe weight loss pictures jacob lowe weight loss pictures D. all scores are below average. b. females. This type of reasoning is known as. c. prototype. Algorithmsare written in a programming language. c. Vygotsky In some cases, you must follow a particular set of steps to solve the problem. An Algorithm simply refers to the process or the set of rules which are vital in calculations. d. where a person lives does not, What a person knows about a particular type of object does, A recent study has shown that for a group of individuals with ______, computerized cognitive exercises that placed increasing demands on auditory perception were beneficial. OpenStax is part of Rice University, which is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit. Bertha met two students from another school at a convention. a. a mental set. a. You have to cook dinner for 30 people on Saturday. d. do not communicate. There are memories in visual-spatial form, as well as memories of spoken or written material, and they are stored in three short-term systems: a visuospatial sketchpad, an episodic buffer (Baddeley, 2000), and a phonological loop. Scientists who study cognition are searching for ways to understand how we integrate, organize, and utilize our conscious cognitive experiences without being aware of all of the unconscious work that our brains are doing (for example, Kahneman, 2011). If complete accuracy is required, it is best to use an algorithm. Thus, algorithmic problem solving actually comes in two phases: derivation of an algorithm that solves the problem, and conversion of the algorithm into code. A person's knowledge about the world is known as _____ memory. Your apartment is a mess and you have nothing to wear. At first thought, nothing comes to mind. A. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. Episodic memory is information about events we have personally experienced (i.e., an episode). On the other hand, abstract words like level, truth, and value are low-imagery words. (credit: Mark Richardson), video that explains short-term and long-term memory, video about superior autobiographical memory, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/8-1-how-memory-functions, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Discuss the three basic functions of memory, Describe the three stages of memory storage, Describe and distinguish between procedural and declarative memory and semantic and episodic memory. D. evaluating solutions, rethinking and redefining problems and solutions over time. For example, imagine you meet someone who introduces himself as a firefighter. Q. B. the availability heuristic. B. C. functional fixedness. It is sometimes referred to as the "I-knew-it-all-along effect.". Intervention bias which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. You use concepts to see the relationships among the different elements of your experiences and to keep the information in your mind organized and accessible. Because event schemata are automatic, they can be difficult to change. a. emotional intelligence. According to Gardner's multiple intelligences, which of the following types of vocations would most likely require bodily kinesthetic intelligence? A. a. the debate of sign language versus spoken language. This is known as automatic processing, or the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words. She took the same test in June and December, receiving a very similar score. d. different aspects of intelligence. She has an amazing and highly superior autobiographical memory (Figure 8.7). Although implicit memories are learned outside of our awareness and cannot be consciously recalled, implicit memory is demonstrated in the performance of some task (Roediger, 1990; Schacter, 1987). Natural concepts b.(12,562).b.(2,438). b. trial and error. Rating: 2 (1173 Rating) Highest rating: 5. B. B. Choose all that apply. Practical intelligence c. measure what it's supposed to measure. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. D. drop out of college. Evaluate solutions B. Do you recall the earlier discussion of semantic networks? b. syntax _________ includes the ability to be self-motivated, to feel what others feel, and to be socially skilled. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychologyduskull evolution arceus C. analytical D. Children understand metaphor and satire usually between ages 11 and 14. answer choices converting visual information into something meaningful converting sound into vibrations bringing information housed in long-term memory to mind holding information just long enough to work with it Question 2 30 seconds Q. (b) Based on the correlation matrix, is collinearity a problem? a. They are devised while developing problem-solving strategies. Watch this video about superior autobiographical memory from the television news show 60 Minutes to learn more. TrueThe symmetric key algorithm is a class of cipher that uses identical or closely related keys for encryption and decryption. For example, you would use recall for an essay test. A. autistic. In either case, you usually cannot put the memory into words that adequately describe the task. Since then, Tulving and others have reformulated the theory, and currently scientists believe that episodic memory is memory about happenings in particular places at particular timesthe what, where, and when of an event (Tulving, 2002). Which of the following is the first step in the problem-solving process? First, the doors open and you wait to let exiting passengers leave the elevator car. Lowest rating: 3. If an instructor was referring to a stream during a lecture, a student's mental image is likely to be: predict the class of data. An algorithm, whose characteristics will be discussed later, is a form that embeds the complete logic of the solution. Q. b. syntax. Standardization b. the representative heuristic. Think about what you do when you walk into an elevator (Figure 7.4). If you did, you probably have associated peanut butter and jelly in your mind. It encompasses all the things you can remember that happened more than just a few minutes ago. b. abstract symbols on a keyboard and making some sounds. b. be a good test. C. 15 to 20 Which of the following statements is true of subgoals? B. It involves learning information that you previously learned. By following the instructions correctly, you are guaranteed to arrive at the right answer. For example, what comes to your mind when you think of a dog? By Kendra Cherry According to the biases and heuristics in decision making, it can be concluded that Hillary mirrors ________ in this scenario. D. Hindsight bias. Bertha now believes that all of the students from that school must also be nice and is considering transferring there. 90. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. B. culturally biased. Whitney is now 31, and her company has offered her an opportunity to work in their Mexico City office. The system of rules for combining words and phrases to form grammatically correct sentences is: What good is economic theory if it cant If, however, youve lived your whole life on the island of Saint Vincent in the Caribbean, you may never have actually seen snow, much less tasted, smelled, or touched it. In order for people to be able to tell you how many televisions they have in their house, they would probably use: Which of the following is a true statement regarding algorithms? ________ involves reasoning from a general case that we know to be true to a specific instance. answer choices Confabulation Source amnesia Flashbulb memories Confusion Question 3 30 seconds Q. A. heuristic It refers to reasoning from a general principle that individuals know to be true to a specific instance. Their model of human memory (Figure 8.4), called Atkinson and Shiffrin's model, is based on the belief that we process memories in the same way that a computer processes information. Because texting and driving has become a dangerous epidemic in recent years, psychologists are looking at ways to help people interrupt the phone schema while driving. What is the correct order of the human sexual-response pattern? A heuristic is a mental shortcut that allows people to quickly make judgments and solve problems. Carla is a first-semester freshman at State University. Explicit memory is sometimes referred to as declarative memory, because it can be put into words. b. the heritability of intelligence is about 0.50. C. functional fixedness. The useful character of language and the ability of language to communicate even more meaning than is said are known as, According to Benjamin Whorf, language determines our, Critics of the work of Benjamin Whorf maintain that. b. four Whichofthefollowingoptionsistrueaboutalgorithms?a. Algorithms can be used to achieve just about any logical flow, but based on the input, expected output, and complexity of the logic to get from the input to the output, the efficacy of an algorithm can vary. A. Humility An algorithm is often expressed in the form of a graph, where a square represents each step. _____ are mental categories used to group objects, events, and characteristics. B. Children understand metaphor and satire usually between ages 11 and 14. An algorithm for determining use of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy. 10. Algorithmsare described informally and can contain ambiguous steps.b. d. pragmatics. B. Peterson and Peterson (1959) investigated short-term memory using the three letter sequences called trigrams (e.g., CLS) that had to be recalled after various time intervals between 3 and 18 seconds. a. a mental set. d. Down syndrome. C. practicing groupthink refers to the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task. words merely reflect rather than cause the way we think. Semantic networks differ depending on personal experiences. B. confirmation bias You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. You never face the back of the elevator, do you? d. trial and error. An algorithm is a defined set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem. d. books and bookshelves. Should you go to the bank, the cleaners, or the grocery store first? The less likely that person will succeed in an academic setting. Concepts can be complex and abstract, like justice, or more concrete, like types of birds. d. is the latest technology in teaching deaf people to talk. 1999-2023, Rice University. It was first demonstrated by William Bousfield (1935) in an experiment in which he asked people to memorize words. D. subgoal. D. heuristic. it involves bottom-up processing A person with an IQ over 145 may be best categorized as: Wechsler's four index scales are verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and: Gardner believes that reason, logic, and knowledge are: Importantly for memory, activating any part of a semantic network also activates the concepts linked to that part to a lesser degree.